AT722 - Radiation and Energy Course Objective: - This class focuses on the role of radiative processes in the Earth's climate systems and is concerned with topics of Earth radiation and energy balance, radiative and radiative convective equilibrium, climate thermodynamics, and climate feedbacks. Course Outline: PPT Section 1: The Earth's Radiation Budget ERBE, CERES, and GERB Cloud radiation forcing The greenhouse effect Aerosol direct effects Atmospheric radiative cooling ERB trends and other topics section 1 notes: PPT, Tristan L'Ecuyer's talk PDF section 1 references: Wild et al: From Dimming to Brightening: Decadal Changes in Solar Radiation at Earth's Surface, Science, 2005. PDF Observations of the Earth's Radiation Budget in Relation to Atmospheric Hydrology. 4. Atmospheric column radiative cooling over the world's oceans, JGR, 1994. PDF Harries et al: The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Project, BAMS, 2005. PDF Kiehl: On the Observed Near Cancellation Between Longwave and Shortwave Forcing in Tropical Regions, J. Clim, 1994. PDF Wielicki et al: Evidence for Large Decadal Variability in the Tropical Mean Radiative Energy Budget, Science, 2002. PDF Wielicki et al: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System CERES): An Earth Observing System Experiment, BAMS, 1996. PDF Section 2: Radiative Forcing of Climate Greenhouse gas forcing Aerosol direct forcing Aerosol indirect forcing Contrail climate forcing Land-surface climate forcing Monitoring climate change section 2 notes: Climate forcings notes PDF, Aerosol Indirect Effect lecture PDF section 2 references: Anderson et al: An A-Train Strategy for Quantifying Direct Aerosol of Climate", BAMS, 2004. PDF Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change: Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties, National Academies Press, 2005. PDF Hansen and Sato: Trends of Measured Climate Forcing Agents, PNAS, 2001. PDF Matsui et al: Impact of Aerosols and Atmospheric Thermodynamics on Cloud Properties Within the Climate System, GRL, 2004. PDF Ramanathan et al: Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrologic Cycle, Science, 2001. PDF Suzuki et al: A Study of the Aerosol Effect on a Cloud Field with Simultaneous Use of GCM Modeling and Satellite Observation, JAS, 2004. PDF Section 3: Radiative Equilibrium Radiative equilibrium climate models Radiative equilibrium with convective adjustment Radiative convective equilibrium with semi-explicit convection RCE with CRMs section 3 notes: RCE Keynote talk PDF section 3 references: Manabe and Wetherald: Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity, JAS, 1967. PDF Stephens and Webster: Clouds and Climate: Sensitivity of Simple Systems, JAS, 1981. PDF Held et al: Radiative-Convective Equilibrium with Explicit Two-Dimensional Moist Convection, JAS, 1993. PDF Pierrehumbert: Thermostats, Radiator Fins, and the Local Runaway Greenhouse, JAS, 1995. PDF Section 4: The Energy Balance Theory of Climate Energy balance climate models (EBM) Ice-albedo feedback and ice catastrophe The faint young sun paradox Climate-biosphere feedbacks Time dependent EBM Stochastically forced EBM section 4 notes: Energy Balance Theory of Climate PDF section 4 references: Bates: A Dynamical Stabilizer in the Climate System: A Mechanism Suggested by a Simple Model, Tellus, 1999. PDF North and Cahalan: Predictability in a Solvable Stochastic Climate Model, JAS, 1981. PDF Robock: Internally and Externally Caused Climate Change, JAS, 1978. PDF Runnegar: Loophole for Snowball Earth, Nature, 2000. PDF Hyde et al: Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth' Simulations with a Coupled Climate/Ice-Sheet Model , Nature, 2000. PDF Lorenz: Forced and Free Variations of Weather and Climate, JAS, 1979. PDF Section 5: SST Regulation cirrus-SST related feedbacks evaporation feedbacks section 5 notes: SST review PDF section 5 references: Lindzen et al: Does the Earth Have an Adaptive Infrared Iris?, BAMS, 2001. PDF Lin et al: The Iris Hypothesis: A Negative or Positive Cloud Feedback?, JClim letter. PDF Zhang: Impact of Convective-Wind-Evaporation feedback on surface climate simulation in general circulation models, Climate Dynamics, 1996. PDF Waliser and Graham: Convective Cloud Systems and Warm-Pool Sea Surface Temperatures: Coupled Interactions and Self-Regulation, JGR, 1993. PDF Tompkins: On the Relationship between Tropical Convection and Sea Surface Temperature, J. Clim., 2001. PDF Section 6: Climate Feedbacks Water vapor feedbacks Ice albedo feedbacks Dynamical feedbacks Cloud feedback SST regulation Approaches and tools section 6 notes: Feedback lecture PDF section 6 references: Stephens: Cloud Feedbacks in the Climate System: A Critical Review PDF Gregory et al: A New Method for Diagnosing Radiative Forcing and Climate Sensitivity, GRL, 2004. PDF Soden et al: On the Use of Cloud Forcing to Estimate Cloud Feedback, J. Clim. PDF Colman: A Comparison of Climate Feedbacks in General Circulation Models, Climate Dynamics, 2003. PDF Wetherald and Manabe: Cloud Feedback Processes in a General Circulation Model, JAS, 1988. PDF Section 7: Thermodynamical Principles of Climate Entropy of radiation Entropy as a governing principle of climate Entropy and climate - Prigogine's Theorem Ziegler's Principle of Maximum Dissipation Programs: Bibliography: DOC Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1371 E-Mail: Webmaster Last Modified: August 2005